The construction industry is a pillar industry of the national economy, but at the same time there are problems such as large resource consumption, high pollution discharge, and extensive construction methods. The data shows that the total carbon emission in the whole process of construction in my country is about 5 billion tons of carbon dioxide, accounting for 50.6% of the national carbon emission.
Recently, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development issued the "14th Five-Year Plan for Building Energy Efficiency and Green Building Development", deploying to improve the quality of green building development, improve the energy efficiency of new buildings, strengthen energy conservation and green transformation of existing buildings, and promote new green construction methods, etc. The nine major tasks provide guidance for energy conservation and carbon reduction in the building sector and to achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.
"At the beginning of the reform and opening up, my country's building energy consumption accounted for 10% of the national final energy consumption. Now it has jumped to 23.1%, and the energy consumption of buildings will continue to grow." Ni Jiangbo, vice president of China Building Energy Conservation Association, said, With the development of urbanization and the improvement of people's living standards, my country's building stock will increase significantly in the future, and building energy consumption and carbon emissions will continue to increase significantly.
Make efforts from the user side to systematically promote green and low-carbon development
Regarding the low-carbon effect of green buildings, Ni Jiangbo described it as "a single spark can start a prairie prairie". In his view, as a terminal building product that fully demonstrates green performance, green building is the development direction and implementation carrier of green and low-carbon transformation of buildings. Pilot demonstrations of green buildings at the level of energy saving and carbon reduction, leading to large-scale promotion. Use green buildings to coordinate the production and application of green building materials, as well as the entire life cycle of building construction, use, maintenance, renovation, and demolition, and energy conservation and carbon reduction throughout the entire industrial chain to promote the development and improvement of the green industrial chain.
"Adhering to systematic thinking and exerting efforts from the user side, the construction industry can contribute to carbon peaking and carbon neutrality." Ni Jiangbo said, for example, building materials, first, vigorously promote the use of less building materials, implement green building creation actions, and vigorously promote green buildings , change the traditional extensive method of large-scale construction, large-scale consumption and large-scale emission, strictly control the demolition of buildings, advocate green transformation, and reduce the amount of new buildings; the second is to promote the use of green building materials; the third is to turn construction waste into treasure and accelerate the promotion of building materials Recycling.
Ni Jiangbo said that we should give full play to the scattered advantages of buildings, vigorously develop the utilization of distributed renewable energy such as photovoltaic, solar thermal, geothermal, air thermal energy, and water source thermal energy, and develop the application of renewable energy in distributed building areas. my country's building roof resources are abundant and widely distributed, and the development and construction of distributed photovoltaics such as roofs and even building walls has huge potential.
Taking scientific and technological innovation as the starting point to promote green and low-carbon development
"This is a building that can 'breathe'," said Ye Qing, chairman of Shenzhen Institute of Building Research Co., Ltd. proudly. As a three-star green building, Jianke Building will share the concept of symbiosis throughout the whole process from design to operation, and has applied about 40 green technical measures, including passive energy-saving design, natural lighting and ventilation, artificial wetlands, three-dimensional greening, and wind-solar complementary energy-saving. , photoelectric curtain wall, independent temperature and humidity control air conditioning, etc., with the lowest resource consumption to create a safe, healthy and efficient living environment, restore the ecological environment, so as to achieve the harmonious coexistence of flowers, plants, insects, birds and people.
Compared with the same type of office buildings in Shenzhen, the Jianke Building can reduce operating costs by about 1.5 million yuan per year, among which, compared with conventional buildings, it can save 1.45 million yuan in electricity costs, 54,000 yuan in water costs, and 610 tons of standard coal. 1600 tons of carbon dioxide emissions.
Green buildings like the Jianke Building are not an exception. In recent years, my country's green buildings have achieved leapfrog development, and the proportion of urban green buildings in new buildings has increased significantly from 2% in 2012 to 77% in 2020. The energy-saving goal of building energy efficiency of 65% has been basically popularized, and some provinces and cities have set a building energy-saving goal of 75%, which has put forward higher requirements for building materials, parts, construction techniques, etc.
Wu Jingshan, secretary-general of China Building Energy Conservation Association, said frankly that with the revolutionary change in the traditional building energy supply structure and application mode, enterprises in the entire construction industry need to jointly promote technological innovation and guide the transformation and upgrading of the entire building green and low-carbon industry chain. "For example, the thickness of the external wall insulation material for building energy-saving renovation has reached 15 cm to 18 cm. If the energy-saving standard is further improved, the 'padded jacket' worn on the wall may be thicker. In this way, the risk of the insulation layer falling off and flammability will also be reduced. Will increase. In the future, we will actively develop external thermal insulation materials with the same thermal insulation effect but lighter and thinner, better fire performance and longer service life." Wu Jingshan said that in addition to thermal insulation materials, high-efficiency energy-saving doors and windows, high-performance concrete, high-strength steel Other building materials and waterproofing of prefabricated building joints need to rely on more powerful technical support to improve the energy efficiency of the building.
Establish a long-term mechanism to break through the bottleneck of green and low-carbon development
In Wu Jingshan's view, to further promote building energy conservation and carbon reduction, first of all, it is necessary to strengthen the research and development and application of energy-saving and carbon reduction technologies, and build a whole-process green and low-carbon construction technology system; secondly, to coordinate and promote the coordinated development of the new construction industry supply chain; Thirdly, it is necessary to promote the application of intelligent construction products and technologies to improve the intelligent level of engineering construction; finally, to use innovative technical means to convert geothermal, solar energy, etc. into energy that can be stored and utilized, so that the energy generated by the building exceeds its own operation. The energy needed to create productive buildings.
"Technological innovation must penetrate into the 'capillaries' of the green building industry, not just the iterative upgrade of 'high-level' research and development." Ni Jiangbo believes that it is necessary to attach importance to basic work and increase investment in research and development of basic application technologies and material technologies. Improve the quality of groundwork. In addition, there is still a shortage of front-line talents in the green building field. For example, in the development of prefabricated buildings, the demand for high-skilled talents who master building information modeling, hoisting, welding and other technologies is rapidly increasing. It is necessary to step up the establishment of a long-term mechanism for the training and development of green building talents.
At present, 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in my country have issued relevant plans or action plans for "double carbon", and the development of green buildings is at the right time. However, at the same time, the promotion of green buildings still faces some bottlenecks: the society still does not pay much attention to building energy conservation; the extensive construction method of “mass construction, massive consumption, and massive emissions” in the field of urban and rural construction needs to be transformed; building energy conservation and green building Unbalanced development between urban and rural areas, between eastern coastal areas and central and western areas, etc.
